雅思中虚拟语气的基本用法
一if引导的条件句
虚拟语气的用法:表示说的话不是事实, 或是不可能发生的情况, 而是说话者的主观愿望, 建议或是与事实相
反的假设.e.g. If I were you, I would go there.(我不可能成为你)
If虚拟语气用法如下:
假设时间 If条件从句时态 主句时态 例句
表示现在的假
设与事实相反 If + 一般过去时
(be动词只用were) Would (should,
could, might) do If we had time, We would go with you.(事实上没时间)
We could ask him if he were here.(事实上他不在这)
表示过去的假
设与事实相反 If + 过去完成时 would(might)
have done If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him. (事实上
没有早到)
I would have called you if I had your phone number.(没有号码)
表示将来的假
设与事实相反 一般过去时
If + should do
were to do would do If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(没有下雨)
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.(不可能下雪)
有时假设的情况并不是以条件从句表现出来, 而是通过一个介词短语来表示,常见的有without (= but for), but
that, or (else), in case of, otherwise
e.g. Without/ but for his help, we shouldn’t go out.
e.g. You’d better hurry up, or you would be late.
二口语中常遇到的一些动词,动词短语及句式结构需使用虚拟语气
1. wish后的宾语从句
wish+
一般过去时(be 用were) : 表示现在的愿望与事实相反
would/could do : 表示过去的愿望与事实相反
wished + 过去完成时: 表示过去的愿望与事实相反
e.g. I wish I were as tall as you. (现在)
e.g. I wish I would try. (将来)
e.g. He wished he hadn’t said that. (过去)
三口语中,为了使语气显得比较客气委婉, 虚拟语气主要体现在谓语
动词上, 多用should/ would/could/might do.
e.g. It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.
e.g. Such mistakes could have been avoided.
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